Regulation / Certification

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Age Ratings:

 UK:
Uc -- U -- PG -- 12A -- 12 -- 15 -- 18 -- R18
US:
G -- PG -- PG-13 -- R -- NC-17

What Determines Certification?

  • Violence
  • Strong Language
  • Drug Use
  • Sexual Content
  • Racial Content and Discrimination
Film regulation is the process of certifying or classifying films to determine the appropriate age of audience members. Each country has a different system and dedicated board who determine the ratings of every film that is released to audiences at cinemas and through home exhibition channels.


In the UK, we have the BBFC (British board of film classification (used to be censors)). This is a non- governmental organisation. In the US, the MPAA established the Code and Rating Administration. Film ratings were introduced in 1968 in the US and have gone through several changes.

How have social changes through history affected how films are regulated?
  • Production code of regulation embodies anxieties and intolerances from a different historical period
  • 1920s and 1930s - things that seemed ridiculous or offensive in today's society were banned
    • Mixed race relationships
  • Ban on ridiculing the clergy - religious society
  • 'Excessive or lustful kissing' deemed inappropriate - limits realism
  • Smoking indoors and around children was commonplace in older movies but is considered shocking today.
  • The BBFC continually surveys the public to gauge what they object to and consider to be inappropriate for children's eyes.
"Economic Changes
  • The rise of film markets in china is vital
  • Companies like Disney want to tap into this market but must get through stringent state censors in a communist political context
"Exhibition Platform Evolution
  • Home exhibition - anyone can watch any movie, whereas in a cinema, a 15 yr old can't watch an rated 18 movie.
    • independence
The Jungle book 1967 underwent 'self-regulation' under a code which banned the representation of 'sex perversion', profanity, or nudity. This code was largely irrelevant. When the film was re released it was rated G for general audiences (U in the UK). The 2016 film was rated PG for parental guidance.

Is the rating of Jungle book 2016 as PG a good thing or a bad thing for Disney? Explain and justify your reasoning?

 The Jungle Book 2016 was rated PG as the live-action realism of the animals appeared more thrilling, intense and scarier than the original 1967 version.

This, overall, is a good thing for Disney as it allows the movie to reach their intended wide-ranged audience, rather than just children. Although the rating isn't far from a U, it still brings along the parents and therefore families of children who want to view the movie, therefore increasing profits. By providing a nostalgic feel for the parents and adults, but still keeping it exciting, suspenseful and comedic for a large demographic of people, it successfully reached Disney's intended and worked for audience and, in return, provided Disney with large profits and followers.

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