News (print media) and Online Media - Industry

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Print Media - physical piece of media e.g. newspaper
Online Media - digital piece of media e.g. social media

  • Historically, print newspapers would have been the public's number one source of information
  • Times have drastically changed in the Digital Age
  • The vast majority of information is found through online media.
The Decline of Print Media
  • 10% decline between Nov 2017-2018
  • reasons for this decline
    • The increase of digital/ online media allows for easier access to news stories.
    • online media can be cheaper
    • online media is more convenient as it allows for information to be spread with more efficiency 
      • this makes the public more impatient and refuse to wait very long
    • newspapers are often clumpy and bad quality
    • technological advancements are more appreciated
    • the cost of printing is expensive
    • online media are more flexible as they can choose when to post 
    • online media can track the public's ideal newspapers and likes' dislikes.
Production, Distribution and Circulation of News
In Print News:
  • the production of news is in the hands of the newspaper journalists, editors and printers
  • distribution of news is by the organisations that send newspapers to newsagents, who have some control over which publications get distributed, but no control over content
  • newsagents and other retailers sell the newspapers( circulation)
  • it is the producers who control the news content
In Online News:
  • Distribution and Circulation are combined in websites or social media
  • There may be many more news producers, including amateurs, whose news may be distributed by social media such as Facebook, who have a great deal of control over which audiences see which news stories, as well as by traditional newspapers operating online.
  • The dominance of online news means that exclusives have become less valuable as the news cycle has shortened and an exclusive can be picked up by competitors and recycled instantly. |Instead, news organisations are relying on formats such as gossip, lifestyle journalism, opinion sections, and sports journalism to minimise risk.
  • Social media companies are now crucial news gatekeepers, but their relative lack of editorial control means that fake news and click-bait as well as authentic citizen journalism can proliferate. News circulated via social media is more likely to be image-driven than traditional news.
Influence of Contexts


The economic context: in free market economies print and online journalism is driven by the profit motive (apart from that produced by the public organisations such as the BBC). 
  • The flight of advertising revenue from print journalism to online media in the mid 2010s starved journalism of funds. This has led to a decline in expensive journalism such as international news and investigative reporting and a rise in the cheaper alternative, be it opinion, reporting celebrities and public relations events, lifestyle journalism and sport. Marketing departments are much more powerful in all newspapers as profits decline, as they attempt to boost areas that attract advertising (such as travel journalism).
  • The economic dominance of social media companies who trade in audience attention, often gained through inciting anger or outrage, means that news values are driven by this imperative as well as the need for images. 
Media Concentration and Ownership

OWNERSHIP
  • The Sun
    • News UK - Rupert Murdoch
  • Daily Mail
    • Daily Mail and General Trust - Viscount Rothermere
  • Daily Mirror
    • ‎Reach plc.
  • Times
    • News UK - Rupert Murdoch
  • Daily Telegraph
    • Telegraph Media Group - Barclay Brothers
  • Daily Star
    • Reach plc.
  • Daily Express
    • Reach plc.
  • i
    • Daily Mail and General Trust - Viscount Rothermere
  • Financial Times
    • Nikkei Inc.
  • Guardian
    • Guardian Media Group - Scott Trust
This media concentration leads to exposition of biased opinions and viewpoints.

Key Words:

Producer - the person who takes all the elements that have been gathered throughout the day, and constructs a newscast.
Distribution - the action or process of supplying goods to retailers.
Retailer - a person or business that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale.
Circulation - the number of copies it distributes on an average day.
Owner - person or company that owns a business
Editor - a person who is in charge of and determines the final content of a newspaper, magazine, or multi-author book.
Gatekeeper - a process by which information is filtered to the public by the media. In exercising its "surveillance" function, every news medium has a very large number of stories brought to its attention daily by reporters, wire services, and a variety of other sources.
Media Concentration - a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organisations control increasing shares of the mass media.
Media Plurality - the information that people consume on a daily basis, which informs their views and perspective on the world.
Freedom of Press -  the right to circulate opinions in print without censorship by the government.
Democracy - a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Clickbait - content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page.

Funding

How do you think traditional print newspapers were/ are funded?

  • Advertising
  • Cover Price
Do you know of any new methods of funding for either print or online?
  • Paywalls
  • Subscriptions
  • Advertising
  • Events
  • Sales
  • Sponsored Material
What funding model do the top UK newspapers use?
  • The Sun
    • Subscribe to the Sun’s Newsletters
    • Buy Sun Newspaper App: To start your 30 day free trial and get the daily edition of The Sun on your tablet sign up here. It’s just £4.99 a month thereafter.
    • Tesco - advertisements
    • Cover Price
  • Daily Mail
    • Tui
    • NordVPN
    • Debenhams
    • Discounts
    • Video Advertisements


  • Daily Mirror
    • Daily Mirror Shop
    • Advertisements






  • Times
    • Subscription
    • Paywall
  • Daily Telegraph
    • Subscription
    • Paywall - premium content
  • Daily Express
    • Shop
  • i
    • Subscription
      • paper and digital edition app
      • inews UK app
  • Financial Times
    • Subscription/ Trials
    • Paywall






  • Guardian
    • Advertisements
    • Donations
    • Subscriptions

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